炎症：食物、微生物和疾病的故事

一般注释
此处注释不求包罗万象，只为读者进一步探索本书中谈及的那些主题。在我深入探索鲁道夫·菲尔绍的人生之后，也对免疫学的宏大历史产生了兴趣。Erwin H. Ackerknecht的Rudolf Virchow: Doctor, Statesman, Anthropologist (Madison:University of Wisconsin Press, 1953)是一本详尽介绍菲尔绍生平的英语著作。我也参考了Byron A. Boyd的Rudolf Virchow: The Scientist as Citizen (New York: Garland Publishing, 1991)及Brian L. D. Coghlan与Leon P. Bignold的Virchow's Eulogies: Rudolf Virchow in Tribute to His Fellow Scientists (Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008)，其中收录了菲尔绍为纪念几位著名的老师、同事和学生所作的文章。菲尔绍的医学文章和演讲内容在本书中多有提及，包括由L. J. Rather所翻译编纂的Disease, Life and Man:Selected Essays by Rudolf Virchow, Collected Essays on Public Health and Epidemiology (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1958)和A Commentary on the Medical Writings of Rudolf Virchow (San Francisco: Norman Publishing, 1990). Virchow's Thrombosis and Emboli (Canton, MA: Science History Publications, 1998)一书由Axel C. Matzdorff和William R. Bell翻译，可借此了解菲尔绍在描述血栓与栓塞形成中的系统性工作方法。菲尔绍1858年在柏林病理研究所的20次课堂讲义由Frank Chance翻译，书名为Cellular Pathology as Based upon Physiological and Pathological Histology (Whitefish, MO: Kessinger Publishing, 2008)。Letters to His Parents, 1839 to 1864 (Canton, MA: Science History Publications, 1990),这是L. J. Rather翻译、Marie Rabl编辑的菲尔绍与父母的通信，展现出许多年轻时的理想和个人特质；他高中时写的一篇论文亦然，译者Karel B. Absolon，收录于Virchow on Virchow (Rockville, MD:Kabel Publishers, 2000)。

In Immunity: How Elie Metchnikoff Changed the Course of Modern Medicine (Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 2016)由Luba Vikhanski所写。本书是这位科学家个人和科学生涯的优秀传记。梅奇尼科夫是个复杂甚至时有争议的人物，最好从多位作者那里着手理解他，包括：Alfred I. Tauber和Leon Chernyak, Metchnikoff and the Origins of Immunology: From Metaphor to Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991)；他妻子奥尔加·梅奇尼科夫的Life of Elie Metchnikoff, 1845-1916 (London:Constable, 1921)。我还参考了以下书籍：Alexandre Besredka, The Story of an Idea: E. Metchnikoff 's Work, Embryogenesis, Inflammation, Immunity, Aging, Pathology, Philosophy (Bend, OR: Maverick Publications, 1979)，译者Abraham Rivenson和Rolf Oestreicher;Elaine Mardus, Man with a Microscope: Elie Metchnikoff (New York: J. Messner, 1968);Charles Dawbarn, Makers of a New France (London: Mills and Boon, 1915); Herman Bernstein, The Celebrities of Our Time (London: Hutchinson, 1924)。“My Stay in Messina (Memories of the Past, 1908)”是Metchnikoff称为Souvenirs (Moscow: En Langues Étrangères, 1959)的文集中的一篇，译者Claudine Neyen，描述了他对吞噬细胞的发现。梅奇尼科夫的其他作品可以一窥他对炎症和疾病的热切发现，包括：Immunity in Infective Diseases, 译者F. G. Binnie (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1905); The New Hygiene: Three Lectures on the Prevention of Infectious Diseases (Chicago:W. T. Keener, 1910); The Prolongation of Life: Optimistic Studies, translated by P. C. Mitchell (New York: The Knickerbocker Press, 1908); Founders of Modern Medicine: Pasteur, Lister, Koch, 译者David Berger (New York: Walden Publications, 1939)；The Nature of Man: Studies in Optimistic Philosophy, 译者P. Chalmers Mitchell (London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1903)。在他的于1891年在巴斯德研究所的Lectures on the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation课程中，由F. A. Starling和E. H. Starling翻译，他热切研究了炎症在动物发育中的机制。

关于保罗·艾里希的作品，包括：Martha Marquardt, Paul Ehrlich (New York:Henry Schuman, 1951); Ernst Baumler, Paul Ehrlich: Scientist for Life (New York: Holmes& Meier, 1984); Arthur M. Silverstein, Paul Ehrlich's Receptor Immunology: The Magnificent Obsession (San Diego: Academic Press, 2002); Herman Goodman, Paul Ehrlich: A Man of Genius, and an Inspiration to Humanitarians (New York: reprint from The Medical Times, 1924); Luba Vikhanski's Immunity. 要大致了解免疫学历史，推荐Silverstein的A History of Immunology (San Diego: Academic Press, 1989)，这本可能是我见过的最好的参考书。范围较小但同样精彩的有Pauline M. H. Mazumdar的Immunology 1930-1980: Essays on the History of Immunology (Toronto: Wall and Thompson, 1989);Edward J. Moticka, A Historical Perspective on Evidence- Based Immunology (Amsterdam:Elsevier, 2016); Domenico Ribatti, Milestones in Immunology: Based on Collective Papers (London: Academic Press, 2017); Wolfgang Schirmacher, German Essays on Science in the 19th Century: Paul Ehrlich, Alexander von Humboldt, Werner von Sieme (New York:Bloomsbury Academic, 1996)。我也很喜欢William Addison的“Gulstonian Lectures on Fever and Inflammation,” British Medical Journal, nos. 121-128 (April 23-June 1,1859)和J. Burdon Sanderson, “Lumleian Lectures on Inflammation,” Lancet 1, nos. 3057-3061 (April 1-29, 1882).

从以下著作中我得到了对安塞尔·凯斯工作的可靠见解：Todd Tucker, The Great Starvation Experiment: Ancel Keys and the Men Who Starved for Science (Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 2007); Joseph L. Dixon, Genius and Partnership: Ancel and Margaret Keys and the Discovery of the Mediterranean Diet (New Brunswick, NJ: Joseph L. Dixon Publishing, 2015); Ancel Keys, Josef Brozek, and Austin Henschel, The Biology of Human Starvation (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1950); Ancel Keys and Margaret Keys, Eat Well and Stay Well (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963); Katherine Pett, Joel Kahn, Walter Willett, David Katz, Ancel Keys And The Seven Countries Study: An Evidence Based Response to Revisionist Histories (Tulsa, OK: True Health Initiative, 2017)；经过和Henry Blackburn，凯斯同事的交流，我对凯斯的研究工作有了更深的理解。有一些基于证据的食物与健康相关研究有着极大的广度，包括：T. Colin Campbell, The China Study (Dallas, TX: Ben Bella Books, 2016)；Michael Greger and Gene Stone, How Not to Die: Discover the Foods Scientifically Proven to Prevent and Reverse Disease (New York: Flatiron Books, 2015)。Greger的在线营养研究数据库包罗万象，十分宝贵，且容易查询。

几乎所有医学教科书都提到了炎症，在不同专科中各有述及。Fundamentals of Inflammation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010)由Charles N. Serhan, Peter A. Ward, and Derek W. Gilroy编纂，是对其细胞和分子机制的重要一般参考。关于炎症与疾病，另一些能提供信息的作品包括：Inflammation, Lifestyle and Chronic Disease: The Silent Link (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012), Bharat B. Aggarwal, Sunil Krishnan, Sushovan Guha编纂；Inflammation and Atherosclerosis (Berlin: Springer-Verlag Wein, 2012) George Wick与Cecilia Grundtman编; Caleb E. Finch, The Biology of Human Longevity: Inflammation, Nutrition and Aging in the Evolution of Lifespans (Burlington, MA: Academic Press, 2007)。