Test 2 Reading Passage 3：Makete Integrated Rural Transport Project
1.Section A第1段第1行：
The disappointing results of many conventional road transport projects in Africa led some experts to rethink the strategy by which rural transport problems were to be tackled at the beginning of the 1980s.
译文：非洲的许多陈旧的道路交通工程所导致的令人失望的后果让一些专家开始重新考虑使用一种曾在20世纪80年代成功解决了农村交通难题的策略。
单词与词组
disappointing adj.令人失望的
conventional adj.陈旧的
transport n.交通
rethink v.重新考虑
strategy v.策略
tackle v.解决
语法
A.by which引导定语从句，修饰先行词strategy。
B.were to be tackled为被动语态，表示“将被解决”。
2.Section A第2段第3行：
The underlying assumption was that the time saved would be used instead for activities that would improve the social and economic development of the communities.
译文：潜在的设想是，将节省下来的时间用在促进社会进步和经济发展的活动之上。
单词与词组
underlying adj.潜在的
assumption n.设想
instead adv.反而；代替
community n.社会
语法
A.that the time...为表语从句；其中过去分词saved作time的后置定语。
B.that would improve...为定语从句，修饰先行词activities。
3.Section B第1段第4行：
People relied primarily on the paths，which were slippery and dangerous during the rains.
译文：人们主要依赖于道路，在雨天，这些路会变得又滑又危险。
单词与词组
primarily adv.主要地
path n.道路
slippery adj.滑的
语法
which引导非限定性定语从句，对paths进行补充说明。
4.Section B第2段第3行：
The socio-economic survey of more than 400 households in the district indicated that a household in Makete spent，on average，seven hours a day on transporting themselves and their goods，a figure which seemed extreme but which has also been obtained in surveys in other rural areas in Africa.
译文：一项对这个区超过400家住户进行的社会经济调查表明：一个生活在Makete地区的家庭每天平均在交通和他们的商品上花费7个小时。这个数据可能显得有点极端，但是同样的数据也曾经在非洲的其他郊区所做的调查中出现过。
单词与词组
socio-economic adj.社会经济的
household n.家庭
district n.地区
obtain v.获得
on average平均
语法
A.indicate之后为that引导的宾语从句；其中on average是插入语，作状语。
B.a figure...是上述内容的同位语，被两个which引导的定语从句所修饰。
5.Section C第2段第2行：
These improvements were carried out using methods that were heavily dependent on labour.
译文：这些改进的实施用的是一些极其依赖于人力资源的方法。
单词与词组
labour n.人力
carry out实施
dependent on依靠于……
语法
A.句中含有一般过去式的被动语态were carried out...。
B.using methods...为现在分词短语作伴随状语。
C.that引导定语从句，修饰methods。
6.Section C第3段第1行：
Most goods were transported along the paths that provide short-cuts up and down the hillsides，but the paths were a real safety risk and made the journey on food even more arduous.
译文：大部分货物是通过山坡上下拥有捷径的道路运输的，然而，这些道路隐藏着真正的安全隐患，从而使运送食物的行程更加艰难。
单词与词组
short-cut n.捷径
hillside n.山坡
safety n.安全
arduous adj.艰难的
up and down上上下下
语法
A.but连接两个并列分句。
B.that provide...为定语从句，修饰paths。
C.句中even为副词，用在比较级前，加强语气，表示程度。
7.Section C第4段第4行：
MIRTP focused on what would be most appropriate for the inhabitants of Makete in terms of what was available，how much they could afford and what they were willing to accept.
译文：MTRTP关注的焦点在于：现有的方法中什么对Makete地区的居民来说是最适合的，他们到底可以承担多少以及他们到底愿意接受什么。
单词与词组
appropriate adj.适合的
inhabitant n.居民
available adj.现有的
afford v.承担
focus on聚焦于…
in terms of在……方面
语法
A.what would be...为宾语从句，作介词on的宾语。
B.in terms of...作从句的状语。
C.之后又套有三个宾语从句what was...，how much they...以及what they...，均作介词of的宾语。
8.Section D第4段第1行：
The efforts to improve the efficiency of the existing transport services were not very successful because most of the motorized vehicles in the district broke down and there were no resources to repair them.
译文：改善现有交通服务效率的努力不是很成功，因为大部分在本地区发生故障的机动车辆无修理资源可寻。
单词与词组
efficiency n.效率
motorized adj.机动化的
vehicle n.车辆
repair v.修理
break down发生故障
语法
A.动词不定式短语to improve...作后置定语，修饰主语efforts。
B.because引导原因状语从句。
9.Section D倒数第二段第2行：
Those who have bought donkeys are mainly from richer households but，with an increased supply through local breeding，donkeys should become more affordable.
译文：已购买驴子的人们基本上都来自较富裕的家庭，但是随着本地繁殖以后驴子供给的增长，它们的价格应该会变得更容易负担得起。
单词与词组
donkey n.驴子
breeding n.繁殖
affordable adj.负担得起的
语法
A.who have...为定语从句，修饰those。
B.插入语with an increased...作状语。
10.Section D倒数第一段第1行：
It should be noted，however，that a donkey，which at 20，000 Tanzanian shillings costs less than a bicycle，is still an investment equal to an average household’s income over half a year.
译文：应该注意的是，尽管一头驴子只值两万坦桑尼亚先令，甚至比一辆自行车还便宜，但是它仍然是一笔相当于一个普通家庭大半年以上的收入的投资。
单词与词组
shilling n.先令
less than少于
equal to等于
语法
A.句首的it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。
B.在主语从句中套有一个which引导的非限定性定语从句，对donkey进行补充说明。
C.however为插入语。
D.equal to...为后置定语，修饰investment。
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