Test 4 Reading Passage 1：The Impact of Wilderness Tourism
1.B段第2行：
When hill-farmers，for example，can make more money in a few weeks working as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields，it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work，which is thus left to other members of the family.
译文：例如，当山地农民为国外游客搬运行李几个星期所挣的钱比在田地里工作一年所挣的钱还多时，很多人选择放弃农活就不足为奇了，他们会将农活托付给其他家庭成员。
单词与词组
hill-farmer n.山地农民
porter n.行李搬运工
trekker n.旅客
member n.成员
work as以……身份工作
give up放弃
leave to交给
语法
A.句子前半部分为When引导的时间状语从句。
B.从句中than they can相当于than（the money）they can(make)。
C.working as porters和working in their fields是现在分词短语作方式状语。
D.it is not surprising that...中，it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
E.which is...是先行词为farm-work的非限定性定语从句。
2.B段倒数第5行：
Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails，but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourist with cooked food and hot showers.
译文：（人们）对于主要线路的侵蚀问题已经给予了较多关注，但更重要的也许是森林砍伐问题和由于需要为游客提供食物和热水澡而对水供应产生的影响的问题。
单词与词组
trail n.线路
deforestation n.森林砍伐
tourist n.游客
shower n.淋浴
arise from由……引起
provide...with...为……提供……
cooked food熟食
语法
A.该句包含以but为连词的两个并列分句。
B.but后的句子为倒装句式，表语被前置，较长的主语部分被后置。
C.arising from the need...是现在分词短语作后置定语，可改写成which are arising from...。
3.C段第9行：
Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays
d’Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth.
译文：当地对于瑞士Pays d’Enhaut地区“第二个家”数量增加的担心导致了对于其增长的强制限制。
单词与词组
concern n.忧虑
result in导致
impose on强制
语法
A.about the rising...作定语，修饰主语local concern，谓语是resulted in。
B.being imposed on...是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰limits。
4.C段第17行：
For instance，a native corporation in Alaska，employing local people，is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue，where tourist eat Arctic food，walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.
译文：例如，一家阿拉斯加本地的公司正在雇用当地人运行一条从安克雷奇到科策布的双飞旅行线路，在那里旅客们能品尝到北极的食物，行走于苔原上并观看当地音乐家和舞者的表演。
单词与词组
corporation n.公司
employ v.雇用
run v.运行
tundra n.苔原
for instance例如
air tour飞机旅行
语法
A.插入语employing local people为现在分词形式的伴随状语。
B.主句的谓语动词为is；句中还含有一个where引导的非限定性定语从句。
5.C段第26行：
Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies，their culture and their environment when tourist has penetrated their homelands.
译文：当旅行者融入他们的家园时，有太多住在脆弱自然环境中的人对他们的经济、文化和环境失去了主动权。
单词与词组
fragile adj.脆弱的
penetrate v.融入
lose control over对……失去了主动权
语法
A.living in fragile environments在句中作定语，修饰主语people。
B.句中还含有由when引导的时间状语从句。
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