Test 1 Reading Passage 1：A Chronicle of Timekeeping
1.B段第3行：
Hence，the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year.
译文：因此，那些起源发展于低纬度地区的历法受月运周期的影响比受太阳年的影响要更大一些。
单词与词组
calendar n.历法
develop v.发展
latitude n.维度
influence n.影响
lunar cycle月运周期
solar year太阳年
语法
A.that were developed...为定语从句，修饰calendars。
B.注意一般过去时的被动语态：were developed...与were influenced...。
C....influenced more by...than by...中，more...than...为副词比较级的表达。
2.B段第4行：
In more northern climes，however，where seasonal agriculture was practised，the solar year became more crucial.
译文：然而，更多的以季节性农业为主的北方气候区中，太阳年却变得更加重要。
单词与词组
northern adj.北方的
clime n.气候区
seasonal adj.季节性的
practise v.实行
crucial adj.重要的
语法
A.however与where seasonal...均为插入语，其中where...为非限定性定语从句，对climes进一步描述。
B.句中含有一般过去时的被动语态was practiced...。
3.C段第4行：
At the rise of the star Sirius just before sunrise，which occurred around the all-important annual flooding of the Nile，12 decans could be seen spanning the heavens.
译文：在日出前天狼星升起的时刻——这大约发生在尼罗河年度最主要的洪水泛滥时
期，能够看见横跨整个天空的黄道十二宫。
单词与词组
sunrise n.日出
all-important adj.主要的
annual adj.年度的
flooding n.洪水泛滥
span v.横跨
heaven n.天空
the Nile尼罗河
语法
A.介词短语at the rise of...作时间状语。
B.which occurred...为非限定性定语从句，对上述内容进行补充说明。
C.could be seen spanning...为情态动词的被动语态。
4.C段第8行：
These periods became known as temporal hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and nights with the passing of the seasons.
译文：这些时期被广泛地称为“日光时”，因为它们的持续时间会根据由季节递嬗所产生的昼夜长短变化而发生改变。
单词与词组
period n.时期
duration n.持续时间
vary v.改变
temporal hours日光时
according to根据
with the passing of随着……的流逝
语法
A.because引导原因状语从句；其中according to...以及with the passing...均作状语。
B.became known as...意为“被称作……”。
5.C段倒数第3行：
Temporal hours，which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans，who disseminated them through Europe，remained in use for more than 2，500 years.
译文：日光时被使用了2500多年，最初是被希腊人采纳的，接着又被罗马人沿用，罗马人将日光时传遍整个欧洲。
单词与词组
adopt v.采纳
disseminate v.传播
in use在使用中
语法
A.插入语which were...和who disseminated...均为非限定性定语从句，分别对temporal hours和Romans进行补充说明。
B.were first adopted by...为一般过去时的被动语态。
6.D段倒数第3行：
Although these devices performed satisfactorily around the Mediterranean，they could not always be depended on in the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe.
译文：虽然这些设备在环地中海地区的表现很令人满意，但是它们在北欧阴沉且时常严寒的气候里却显得不总是那么可靠。
单词与词组
perform v.表现
satisfactorily adv.令人满意地
cloudy adj.阴天的；多云的
freezing adj.严寒的
the Mediterranean地中海
depend on依靠
语法
A.although引导让步状语从句。
B.could not always be depended on...为情态动词的被动语态。
7.G段第3行：
The motion of a pendulum rocks this device so that it catches and then releases each tooth of the escape wheel，in turn allowing it to turn a precise amount.
译文：钟摆的运动促使此设备来回摆动，这样它便可以扣住然后释放擒纵轮的齿轮，继而使其按照某个精确度量转动。
单词与词组
motion n.运动
pendulum n.钟摆
rock v.使……摆动
release v.释放
tooth n.齿轮
precise adj.精确的
escape wheel擒纵轮
in turn继而
语法
A.so that引导目的状语从句。
B.in turn allowing it...在句中作状语，表伴随状态。
8.G段倒数第3行：
Moreover，this invention allowed the use of a long pendulum which could beat once a second and thus led to the development of a new floor-standing case design，which became known as the grandfather clock.
译文：此外，这项发明使得一种每秒敲打一次的长摆钟得以广泛运用。并且这项发明也导致了一个新的落地式的大时钟的发展，这就是后来闻名于世的老爷钟。
单词与词组
invention n.发明
beat v.敲打
floor-standing adj.落地式的
case n.案例
design n.设计
语法
A.which could beat...为定语从句，修饰pendulum。
B.which became known as...为非限定性定语从句，对上述内容进行补充说明。
9.H段第2行：
Moreover，not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment，they do so as well for mobile phones，instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids.
译文：除此之外，根据全球定位系统而校准的报时信号不仅可以精确地检测和校对航海设备的功能，而且它们也很好地被应用在手机、即时股票交易系统和国家供电网络中。
单词与词组
beam v.发射
satellite n.卫星
function n.功能
precision n.精确度
instant adj.即时的
stock-trading n.股票交易
nationwide adj.全国的
global Positioning System全球定位系统
mobile phone移动电话
power-distribution grids供电网
语法
A.not only位于句首时，需要部分倒装。
B.过去分词短语beamed down from...为后置定语，修饰time signals。
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