物理
光
beam 英 [biːm] 美 [bim] n. 束,柱 v. 播送
同ray; shine
派beaming adj. 照耀的;愉快的 beamy adj. 光亮的
例
The idea was that a person acting as a ‘sender’ would attempt to beam the image over to the ‘receiver’ relaxing in the sealed room.
【C8,T1,R3】这个想法就是一个扮演“传输者”的人可以尝试着把图像传给在另外一个密封房间休息的“接受者”。
reflex 英 ['riːfleks] 美 ['riflɛks] n. 反应能力;反射作用
例
The writer Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: ‘unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose’.
【C5,T2,R2】作家阿瑟·凯斯特勒把它命名为奢侈的反应:“它的独一无二在于它没有明显的生物学目的”。
flash 英 [flæʃ] 美 [flæʃ] v. 发出;闪光 n. 闪光
同blink; flare; twinkle
例
Basically this is where you whistle and the key holder gives off a high pitched noise and flashes light so you can find it.
【C3, T4,L2】基本上,不管你在哪里吹一下口哨,钥匙扣就会发出尖锐的声音,并且闪光,这样你就能找到它了。
glimmer 英 ['glɪmə] 美 ['ɡlɪmɚ] n. 微弱的光 v. 发闪光,发微光
同glitter; blink
例
A glimmer of amusement showed in her eyes.
她的眼中露出一丝笑意。
radiation 英 [reɪdɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] 美 [,redɪ'eʃən] n. 辐射(能);放射
例
A second important area is monitoring the size of the hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica, since this is an indicator of global ultra-violet radiation levels.
【C5,T2,L4】另一个重要领域是检测南极洲上空的臭氧空洞的大小,因为这是衡量全球紫外线辐射水平的指标。
气
fume 英 [fjuːm] 美 [fjum] n. 烟雾,气味(常用复数-s)
同smoke; vapour
例
Even Moscow has joined the list of capitals afflicted by congestion and traffic fumes.
【C2,T3,R2】甚至莫斯科也成了饱受交通堵塞和汽车尾气之苦的首都。
steam 英 [stiːm] 美 [stim] n. 蒸汽 v. 冒蒸汽
同vapour; gas
派steamboat n. 汽艇,汽船 steamer n. 汽船,大轮船
例
Cylindrical in shape, made of wood, and hanging from string, it was moved to and fro by steam blowing out from small exhaust ports at either end.
【C3,T1,R1】它是个用绳子悬挂的木质圆柱体,两端排气细孔冒出的蒸汽使其来回摆动。
foam 英 [fəʊm] 美 [fom] v. 起泡沫;吐白沫
同bubble; froth; sparkle
例
But by Fosbury’s time, sawdust pits had replaced by soft foam cushions, ideal for flopping.
【C4,T4,R1】但到了福斯贝里时代,锯屑坑被理想的跳高落地器材软泡沫垫所取代。
distill 美 [dɪs'tɪl] v. 蒸馏;提取
同purify
例
Distill the crucial points of the book.
从书中提炼出关键的几点。
evaporate 英 [ɪ'væpəreɪt] 美 [ɪ'væpəret] v. (使某物)蒸发掉
派evaporation n. 蒸发;发散
例
It evaporates water through its leaves and that means that the temperature of the leaves is never very far from our own body temperature.
【C4,T1,L4】(树木)通过叶子向外蒸发水分,这就意味着叶子的温度和人类的体温相差不是太远。液体
liquid 英 ['lɪkwɪd] 美 ['lɪkwɪd] n. 液体
同fluid
派liquidity n. 流动性
例
As they do so, the pressure drops, and they expand and become liquid and rise more swiftly.
【C4,T3,R2】在此过程中,它们压力下降,体积膨胀,成为液体,且以更快的速度上升。
dilute 英 [daɪ'l(j)uːt; dɪ-] 美 [daɪ'l(j)ut] v. 稀释,冲淡
记di (=apart,分开)+ lute(=wash,洗)→洗开→稀释, 冲淡
例
Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased.
海水被稀释以至于盐度降低。
extract 英 [ˈekstrækt] 美 ['ɛkstrækt] v. 提取
派extraction n. 提取;取出
例
Poems are extracted from a modern collection.
这些诗篇是从一本当代诗集中摘选的。
volatile 英 ['vɒlətaɪl] 美 ['vɑlətl] adj. (液体或油)易挥发的;易变的
派volatility n. 挥发性 volatilise v. 挥发
例
He embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol).
【C5,T2,R1】他开始研究酚醛树脂,即苯酚和乙醛(一种类似酒精的挥发性液体)结合时生成的黏性物质。
固体
smelt 英 [smelt] 美 [smɛlt] v. 熔炼;提炼(矿石)
派smeltery n. 冶炼厂
例
That’s where the furnace is and where all the metal was smelted and the tools were cast, as you’ll be able to see.
【C4,T1,L2】正如你所见,那就是炉子所在的地方,金属在这里被提炼并被打造成工具。
dissolve 英 [dɪ'zɒlv] 美 [dɪ'zɑlv] v. (使)溶解
派dissolvable adj. 可溶解的 dissoluble adj. 可溶解的,可解除的
例
Um, and basically you dissolve lots of rock salt into water and watch the crystals form, so it basically teaches the kids about growing crystals.
【C4,T4,L3】嗯,你主要把许多矿盐融化在水里,观看晶体的形成,所以这基本上是教孩子们怎样生成晶体。
soluble 英 ['sɒljʊb(ə)l] 美 ['sɑljəbl] adj. 可溶的, 易溶解的
反insoluble; unsolvable
例
The result was a resin known as Novalak, which became soluble and malleable when heated.
【C5,T2,R1】生成物是在受热时可以溶解和延展的共聚酚醛树脂。
热
thermal 英 ['θɜːm(ə)l] 美 ['θɝml] adj. 热的,热量的
记therm(热)+ al(形容词词尾)→热的,热量的
同caloric
例
It is a kind of thermal insulation designed to prevent the loss of body heat.
这是一种为防止身体热量散失而设计的热绝缘材料。
congeal 英 [kən'dʒiːl] 美 [kən'dʒil] v. 使凝结,冻结
同freeze
例
Gear lubricants may congeal in cold weather.
天气冷时齿轮润滑油可能凝结。
声音
ultrasonic 英 [ʌltrə'sɒnɪk] 美 [,ʌltrə'sɑnɪk] adj.(声波)超声的
记ultra(超越)+son(声音)+ ic(词根)→超越声音的→超声波的
同supersonic
派ultrasonics n. 超声波学
例
Rats produce ultrasonic squeaks to prevent their scuffles turning nasty.
【C5,T2,R2】老鼠发出吱吱的超声波,以防止它们的混战过于激烈。
resonance 英 ['rez(ə)nəns] 美 ['rɛznəns] n. 回响;洪亮;共鸣
记re(回来)+ son(声音)+ ance(名词词尾)→返回来的声音→共鸣
例
Psychologist Vinod Goel investigated humour using the new technique of ‘single event’ functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI).
【C5,T2,R2】心理学家芬诺德·高尔利用新技术“单次事件”功能性磁共振成像(FMRI)来研究幽默。
其他
blast 英 [blɑːst] 美 [blæst] n./v. 爆炸
同blowout; burst; explosion
例
In 1815, a sudden blast removed the top 1,280 metres of Mount Tambora in Indonesia.
【C4,T3,R2】1815年印度尼西亚的坦博拉火山突然爆发,把1 280米的山顶都掀掉了。
explode 英 [ɪk'spləʊd; ek-] 美 [ɪk'splod] v. (使)爆炸
同blast; burst; erupt
派explosive n. 爆炸物 adj. 爆炸的
例
The gases trapped inside the boiling rock expand suddenly, the lava glows with heat, it begins to froth, and it explodes with tremendous force.
【C4,T3,R2】困在炙热岩石里的气体突然膨胀起来,熔岩热得发亮,它开始起泡沫,然后以巨大的力量爆炸了。
burst 英 [bɜːst] 美 [bɝst] v. (使)爆炸
例
In Glass and Singer study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they work on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and other heard soft bursts.
【C7,T4,R3】在格拉斯和辛格的研究中,实验对象在专心完成一项任务时被暴露于突发的噪音中,有些人听到了巨大的声音,然而有些人听到了柔和的声音。
gravity 英 ['grævɪtɪ] 美 ['ɡrævəti] n. 万有引力;重力
例
A small iron weight was attached to the 1.5m bamboo shaft, just below the feathers, to increase the arrow’s stability by moving the centre of gravity to a position below the rocket.
【C3,T1,R1】将小铁块附在1.5米长的竹制箭杆的羽毛下,便可将重心移至火箭下面,从而提高箭身的稳定性。





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