人工智能能拥有媲美人类大脑的操作系统
由基础科学研究发展出来的科技，通常需要50年才能实现商业化。
20世纪初，由相对论和量子理论带来的重大发现，到20世纪的后半期才推动了CD播放器、GPS以及电子计算机的诞生。20世纪50年代发现的DNA以及基因序列影响了当今医药和综合农业领域的应用，这些应用到今天仍在影响经济的发展。“BRAIN计划”以及世界上其他大脑研究项目带来的发现，会启发50年后的应用，这些应用现在看上去还如科幻小说一般遥不可及。[13] 我们可以期待，到2050年，人工智能会拥有能和我们大脑相媲美的操作系统。哪些公司、哪些国家会掌握这种科技，取决于它们现在所做的投资和所下的赌注。
- Jimmy Soni and Rob Goodman, A Mind at Play: How Claude Shannon Invented the Information Age (New York: Simon & Schuster: New York, 2017).
- Solomon Wolf Golomb, Shift Register Sequences: Secure and Limited-Access Code Generators, Efficiency Code Generators, Prescribed Property Generators,Mathematical Models , 3rd rev. ed. (Singapore: World Scientific, 2017).
- 参阅Stephen Wolfram, “Solomon Golomb (1932–2016),” Stephen Wolfram Blog , posted May 25, 2016. http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2016/05/solomongolomb-19322016/。
- Richard Rhodes, Hedy ’s Folly: The Life and Breakthrough Inventions of Hedy Lamarr, the Most Beautiful Woman in the World (New York: Doubleday, 2012).
- G. H. Hardy, A Mathematician ’s Apology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1940).
- Solomon W. Golomb, Polyominoes (New York: Scribner, 1965).
- L. A. Riggs, F. Ratliff, J. C. Cornsweet, and T. N. Cornsweet. “The Disappearance of Steadily Fixated Visual Test Objects,” Journal of the Optical Society of America 43, no. 6 (1953): 495–501.
- Rajesh P. N. Rao and Dana H. Ballard, “Predictive Coding in the Visual Cortex: A Functional Interpretation of Some Extra-Classical Receptive-Field Effects,” Nature Neuroscience 2, no. 1 (1999):79–87.
- 这一观点是米德建立神经形态系统的动机，希望该系统像大脑一样，也能实时运行。C.
Mead, “Neuromorphic Electronic Systems,” Proceedings of the IEEE 78, no. 10 (1990):1629–1636.
- Hermann von Helmholtz, Helmholtz ’s Treatise on Physiological Optics , vol. 3: The Perception of Vision , trans. James P. C. Southall (Rochester, NY: Optical Society of America, 1925),25. Originally published as Handbuch der physiologische Optik. 3. Die Lehre von den Gesichtswahrnehmungen (Leipzig: Leopold Voss, 1867).
- J. L. McClelland and D. E. Rumelhart, “An Interactive Activation Model of Context Effects in Letter Perception: Part 1. An Account of Basic Findings.”Psychological Review 88, no. 5 (1981): 401–436: “Part 2. The Contextual Enhancement Effect and Some Tests and Extensions of the Model,” Psychological Review 89, no. 1 (1982): 60–94,
- L. Muller, G. Piantoni, D. Koller, S. S. Cash, E. Halgren, and T. J. Sejnowski,“Rotating Waves during Human Sleep Spindles Organize Global Patterns of Activity during the Night,” eLife 5(2016): e17267.
- 在所谓的“克拉克的第三定律”中，阿瑟·克拉克（Arthur C. Clarke）说过这样一句名言：“任何足够先进的技术几乎都与魔法无异。”（Any sufficiently advanced technology is in distinguishable from magic.）
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