雅思语法精要及剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析

1.第1段第1行：

As researchers on aging noted recently，no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we grow older.

译文：研究人员最近公布说，目前市场上仍无药物疗法被证明可以减缓衰老进程，而所谓衰老就是，随着年龄的增长，体内分子和细胞不断受损使得身体越来越趋向虚弱的

过程。

单词与词组

note v.指出

treatment n.疗法

build-up n.增长

molecular n.分子

cellular n.细胞

vulnerability n.易受伤害

infirmity n.虚弱

语法

A.句首的as…表示“正如……”，作状语；句末的as we grow older为时间状语从句。

B.句中还含有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰the build-up of molecular and cellular damage。

2.第2段第1行：

Unfortunately，for maximum benefit，people would probably have to reduce their caloric intake by roughly thirty percent，equivalent to dropping from 2，500 calories a day to 1，750.

译文：遗憾的是，为了使健康最大程度受益，人们也许不得不将其热量摄取降低大约30%，即从每日2500卡减少到每日1750卡。

单词与词组

benefit n.益处

caloric adj.热量的

intake n.摄入

roughly adv.大约

equivalent to等于

语法

A.for maximum benefit作目的状语。

B.equivalent to…为非限定性定语，相当于一个定语从句which is equivalent to…，对前面的内容进行补充说明。

3.第2段倒数第3行：

No compound that would safely achieve the same feat in people has been found yet，but the search has been informative and has fanned hope that caloric-restriction（CR）mimetics can indeed be developed eventually.

译文：至今仍没发现任何一种化合物能够安全地在人类身上达到相同功效，不过大量的研究结果显示，已经有希望最终能真正研制成功热量限制食物（CR）的模仿品。

单词与词组

compound n.化合物

informative adj.提供信息的

fan v.激起

mimetic adj.模仿的

eventually adv.最终

语法

A.but连接两个并列分句。第一个分句中that引导定语从句修饰compound。

B.第二个分句中that引导同位语从句，对hope进行解释说明。

C.注意现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态：has been found…和can indeed be developed…。

4.第3段第2行：

Scientists first recognised the value of the practice more than 60 years ago，when they found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also had a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age.

译文：科学家早在60多年前就首先认识到了这项研究的价值，当时他们发现喂食低热量食物的小白鼠要比不控制饮食热量的小白鼠活得长，而且到了老年也更少出现越来越普遍的老年疾病。

单词与词组

recognise v.认识到

rat n.小白鼠

incidence n.发生率

on average平均

语法

A.when引导非限定性定语从句，对more than 60 years ago进行进一步说明。

B.定语从句中套有另外两个从句，第一个是that引导的宾语从句，作found的宾语；第二个是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词conditions。

5.第5段第1行：

The monkey projects demonstrate that，compared with control animals that eat normally，caloric-restricted monkeys have lower body temperatures and levels of the pancreatic hormone insulin，and they retain more youthful levels of certain hormones that tend to fall with age.

译文：关于猴子的研究项目表明，相对于饮食正常的接受控制的动物，热量受限制的猴子的体温更低，胰岛素分泌水平也低，并且保留更多的使身体年轻的荷尔蒙，而这种荷尔蒙会随着年龄的增加而减少。

单词与词组

demonstrate v.表明

pancreatic adj.胰腺的

insulin n.胰岛素

retain v.保留

youthful adj.年轻的

compared with…与……相比

body temperature体温

语法

A.demonstrate之后为that引导的宾语从句；compared with…是插入语，作宾语从句的状语。

B.句末that tend to fall with age是一个定语从句，修饰先行词hormones。

6.第6段第1行：

The caloric-restricted animals also look better on indicators of risk for age-related diseases.

译文：接受热量限制实验的动物在抵御老年疾病风险方面也表现得更好。

单词与词组

indicator n.标志；指示物

语法

of risk…是indicators的后置定语，而介词短语for age-related diseases为risk的后置定语。

7.第8段倒数第3行：

Another hypothesis suggests that decreased processing of glucose could indicate to cells that food is scarce（even if it isn’t）and induce them to shift into an anti-aging mode that emphasises preservation of the organism over such“luxuries”as growth and reproduction.

译文：另一种假设表明，减少葡萄糖合成过程对细胞而言预示着人体内食物缺乏（即使实际上并不缺乏），从而促使细胞转移到抗衰老状态，在有机体生长和繁殖阶段加强对有机体的保护。

单词与词组

hypothesis n.假设

glucose n.葡萄糖

cell n.细胞

scarce adj.缺乏的

induce v.引起；诱导

emphasise v.着重；加强

preservation n.保护

organism n.有机体

luxury n.奢侈品

reproduction n.繁殖

语法

A.suggest在句中意为“表明”，后跟that引导的宾语从句。

B.第一个宾语从句中又套有两个从句：that food is scarce…为宾语从句，作indicate的宾语；that emphasises…为定语从句，修饰先行词mode。