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雅思语法精要及剑桥雅思阅读长难句分析

Test 4 Reading Passage 1:Pulling Strings to Build Pyramids

1.第2段第7行:

While perusing a book on the monuments of Egypt,she noticed a hieroglyph that showed a row of men standing in odd postures.

译文:在详细阅读一本关于埃及纪念碑的书的过程中,她注意到了一个内容是整排人都以古怪姿势站立的象形文字。

单词与词组

peruse v.精读

monument n.纪念碑

hieroglyph n.象形文字

odd adj.过怪的

posture n.姿势

a row of一整排

语法

A.while perusing...为时间状语从句,由于与主句主语相同,while之后省略了she was。

B.主句中,that引导定语从句修饰hieroglyph。

C.standing in odd postures为现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰men。

2.第2段倒数第3行:

They were holding what looked like ropes that led,via some kind of mechanical system,to a giant bird in the sky.

译文:他们正攥着一种类似绳索的东西,这种东西通过某种机械系统连接着天空中的一只巨型鸟。

单词与词组

rope n.绳索

via prep.通过

mechanical adj.机械的

giant adj.巨大的

look like看起来像……

语法

A.what looked like ropes...为宾语从句,作holding的宾语。

B.that引导定语从句,修饰先行词ropes。

C.插入语via some kind of mechanical system作定语从句的方式状语。

3.第4段倒数第2行:

The idea was that as one end of the column rose,the base would roll across the ground on a trolley.

译文:这个想法是,当柱子的一端升起时,底部就会借助触轮在地面上滚动。

单词与词组

end n.末端

base n.底部;基座

ground n.地面

trolley n.触轮

roll v.滚动

语法

A.that引导表语从句。

B.在表语从句中,又套有as引导的时间状语从句:as one end of...。

4.第5段第3行:

The instant the sail opened into the wind,a huge force was generated and the column was raised to the vertical in a mere 40 seconds.

译文:帆在风中展开的瞬间会产生一股巨大的力量,然后柱子在短短的40秒内就会被抬升到直立的状态。

单词与词组

instant n.瞬间

sail n.帆

force n.力

generate v.产生

vertical adj.垂直的

mere adj.仅仅的

语法

A.the instant引导时间状语从句,用法同于the moment。

B.此句用到了一般过去式的被动语态as generated...和was raised...。

5.第8段第2行:

And they are known to have used wooden pulleys,which could have been made strong enough to bear the weight of massive blocks of stone.

译文:众所周知的是他们使用了木质的滑轮,这些滑轮可能被做得足够坚固以承受巨大石块的重量。

单词与词组

pulley n.滑轮

weight n.重量

massive adj.巨大的

block n.块

语法

A.are known to...为一般现在时的被动语态;could have been made...为情态动词的被动语态,表示对过去的猜测。

B.which引导非限定性定语从句,对wooden pulleys进一步说明。

6.第8段第6行:

Although it dates from several hundred years after the building of the pyramids,its sophistication suggests that the Egyptians might have been developing ideas of flight for a long time.

译文:虽然它的历史可以追溯到金字塔建成的好几百年后,但它的复杂精密性暗示我们埃及人可能从很久以前就一直在构建飞行的理念。

单词与词组

pyramid n.金字塔

egyptian n.埃及人

flight n.飞行

date from追溯到

语法

A.although引导让步状语从句。

B.主句中,suggest后跟that引导的宾语从句。

C.might have been developing...是对过去一直在进行的动作的猜测。

7.最后一段第1行:

There are plenty of places around the globe where people have no access to heavy machinery,but do know how to deal with wind,sailing and basic mechanical principles.

译文:世界各地有很多地方的人们都没有获得操作重型机械装置的机会,但是他们的确知道如何处理风能、航行以及基本机械常识。

单词与词组

access n.使用权

machinery n.机械装置

plenty of很多

around the globe世界各地

deal with处理

语法

A.where引导定语从句,修饰places。

B.do在句中表强调,意为“确实”。

C.how to deal with...作know的宾语。

8.最后一段第3行:

Gharib has already been contacted by a civil engineer in Nicaragua,who wants to put up buildings with adobe roofs supported by concrete arches on a site that heavy equipment can’t reach.

译文:一位尼加拉瓜的土木工程师已经与加里布取得了联系,他想在重型装备无法到达的场地建造拥有受混凝土拱座支撑的泥砖屋顶的楼房。

单词与词组

adobe n.泥砖

roof n.屋顶

concrete n.水泥

arch n.拱

site n.场地

equipment n.装备

civil engineer土木工程师

put up建造

语法

A.has already been contracted by...为现在完成时的被动语态。

B.who引导非限定性定语从句,进一步描述engineer。

C.supported by...为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰roofs;that heavy equipment can’t reach是修饰site的定语从句。

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